The dealer is where you're most likely to overpay on financing. Pre-approval from a direct lender flips the negotiation entirely.
Almost always a bank or credit union, and ideally before visiting the dealer. Dealer-arranged financing typically marks up the wholesale rate by 100-200 bps, with the dealer pocketing the spread. The exception: manufacturer 0% APR promotional financing on new models can beat any bank loan when genuinely available.
Multiple auto-loan credit inquiries within 14 days count as a single inquiry for scoring purposes (newer FICO models extend this to 45 days). You can shop 3-4 lenders in the same week without compounding score impact. Pre-qualification at Capital One Auto Navigator costs zero credit impact.
10-20% minimum to ensure you're never upside-down on the loan. New cars depreciate 15-25% in year one and 30-40% by year three. A 0%-down 84-month loan leaves you upside-down for 4+ years. GAP insurance covers some of that risk; a meaningful down payment is the cleaner fix.